Electromagnetic Waves – Quick Theory
Electromagnetic waves are transverse waves consisting of oscillating electric and magnetic fields which are perpendicular to each other and also perpendicular to the direction of propagation.
- EM waves do not require a medium and can propagate in vacuum.
- Speed of EM waves in vacuum: c = 3 × 10⁸ m/s.
- Relation between electric and magnetic field:
E = cB
- Energy is equally distributed between electric and magnetic fields.
- Displacement current arises due to time-varying electric field and is given by:
Id = ε₀ (dΦE/dt)
- Radiation pressure for complete absorption:
P = I / c
- EM spectrum includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma rays.
This chapter is important for JEE Main numerical and assertion-based questions.