The electrostatic potential in a charged spherical region of radius r varies as V = ar³ + b
Q. The electrostatic potential in a charged spherical region of radius r varies as \( V = ar^3 + b \), where \(a\) and \(b\) are constants. The total charge in the sphere of unit radius is \( \alpha \times \pi a \varepsilon_0 \). The value of \( \alpha \) is ____ .

(permittivity of vacuum is \( \varepsilon_0 \))

(A) −12

(B) −8

(C) −9

(D) −6

Correct Answer: −12

Explanation (Complete Step by Step Calculation)

Given electrostatic potential:

\[ V = ar^3 + b \]

Electric field is related to potential by:

\[ E = -\frac{dV}{dr} \]

Differentiate \(V\) with respect to \(r\):

\[ \frac{dV}{dr} = 3ar^2 \]

Hence electric field:

\[ E = -3ar^2 \]

Using Gauss’s law in differential form:

\[ \nabla \cdot \vec{E} = \frac{\rho}{\varepsilon_0} \]

For spherical symmetry:

\[ \nabla \cdot \vec{E} = \frac{1}{r^2}\frac{d}{dr}(r^2 E) \]

Substitute \(E = -3ar^2\):

\[ r^2E = -3ar^4 \]
\[ \frac{d}{dr}(r^2E) = -12ar^3 \]

Therefore,

\[ \nabla \cdot \vec{E} = \frac{-12ar^3}{r^2} = -12ar \]

Charge density:

\[ \rho = \varepsilon_0 (-12ar) \]

Total charge inside unit radius:

\[ Q = \int_0^1 \rho \, dV \]

Volume element:

\[ dV = 4\pi r^2 dr \]

Substitute values:

\[ Q = \int_0^1 (-12a\varepsilon_0 r)(4\pi r^2)dr \]
\[ Q = -48\pi a\varepsilon_0 \int_0^1 r^3 dr \]
\[ \int_0^1 r^3 dr = \frac{1}{4} \]
\[ Q = -48\pi a\varepsilon_0 \times \frac{1}{4} \]
\[ Q = -12\pi a\varepsilon_0 \]

Comparing with \( Q = \alpha \pi a \varepsilon_0 \),

\[ \alpha = -12 \]

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